Facile fabrication of hierarchically porous melamine foam@COF composite for sample treatment of non-targeted food safety analysis and oil/water separation

  Utilizing these technologies for treating waters produced by oil and gas fields in Behbahan city (in the southwest of Iran) is considered. The oil and gas produced water treatment technologies (OGPWTTs) can assist local authorities, governments, investors, and developers to reduce climate change, environmental pollution, the threats related to food security and public health, and construct sustainable communities.. Thus, more attention should be given to finding effective and Oil Treatment economical technologies for the remediation of oil spills and protecting the environment

Bioremediation technology was recently suggested for petroleum hydrocarbons which is preferred over traditional physicochemical techniques because it is cheaper and eco-friendly. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the capability, bioavailability, and limiting factors of an indigenous microbial community

Petroleum hydrocarbons vary in degree of microbial degradation, as it depends on its chemical composition. Short chain compounds are generally hazardous, whereas N-alkanes with intermediate length (C10–C25) are the preferred substrates for microorganisms and tend to be the most easily to degrade. Due to their poor water solubility and bioavailability, longer chain alkanes (C25–C40) are hydrophobic solids which make them difficult to degrade. Cycloalkanes and branched chain alkanes degrade slower than the corresponding n-alkanes, while highly densely packed aromatic and cycloparaffinic compounds, including bitumen, tars, and asphaltic materials, have the highest biodegradation resistance .

Among various techniques, the most widely used to characterize and analyze the oils and identify the spill sources are gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). GC-MS can be used to assess the fingerprints for the concentration of oil components and oil-contaminated water .

This study examined the potential use of oil-degrading bacteria for the treatment of oil spills on a laboratory scale. The experiment was performed using mixed culture of bacteria that have the highest degradation ability. This study also investigated the biodegradability of crude oil, both aliphatic and aromatic compounds, under various experimental conditions. Changes in oil content-before and after bacterial treatment-were analyzed using a GC-MS. The novelty of this research lies in the highest biodegradation percentage obtained after few days, not to mention that oil spills, to our knowledge, have never been treated microbiologically in Egypt before.